Igwe ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, nke ziri ezi, bụ usoro mmepụta ihe dị mkpa maka ọkpọkọ na-enweghị ntụpọ.Uru ya nwere ike ibibi usoro nkedo nke ingot ígwè, nụchaa ọka nke ígwè, ma kpochapụ ntụpọ nke microstructure, iji mee ka usoro ígwè ahụ dịkwuo mma ma melite akụrụngwa ya.Nke a na-emeziwanyewanye na ntụgharị ntụgharị, nke mere na ígwè adịghịzi isotropic ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ;Afụ, mgbawa na porosity a kpụrụ n'oge a na-awụsa nwekwara ike welded n'okpuru nnukwu okpomọkụ na nrụgide.